Reactive Dog Training - What is it?

Reactivity describes when a dog responds with big emotions to something in the environment. This might look like lunging, barking, whining, pulling, freezing, or trying to escape.

Common triggers include:

• Other dogs

• Strangers or unfamiliar people

• Bikes, scooters, cars, runners

• Loud noises

• Busy environments

• Sudden movement

Reactivity is not a personality flaw; it’s the dog’s way of saying, “I don’t feel safe” or “I’m overwhelmed.”

1. Fear or uncertainty

Many reactive behaviours stem from a dog feeling unsafe or unsure. This may come from lack of socialisation, a bad experience, or simply a sensitive temperament.

 

2. Over-excitement or frustration

Some dogs react because they want to greet or interact but feel restricted by the lead. This can create frustration that builds and bursts.

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3. Stress build-up

Dogs have a stress “bucket.” Small stressors throughout the day fill it up, making reactions more likely when a trigger appears.

 

4. Pain or medical issues

Pain, discomfort, or hormonal changes can make dogs more sensitive to triggers and quicker to react.

 

5. Genetics and temperament

Some dogs are naturally more alert or sensitive. These traits can make certain triggers feel more intense.

Reactivity is often misunderstood as aggression. While they can look similar from the outside, they are not the same.

• Reactive dogs usually want distance, not conflict.

• Aggression is intentional harm; reactivity is emotional overwhelm.

• Many reactive dogs are friendly once they feel safe.

Understanding the difference helps you respond calmly and kindly when your dog reacts.

Supporting a reactive dog is about helping them feel safe, teaching them new patterns, and preventing overwhelming moments.

 

1. Management: Reduce Stress and Avoid Triggers

• Increase distance from triggers

• Walk at quieter times or in quieter places

• Use equipment that gives you control without discomfort (e.g., harness)

• Build predictable routines

• Provide rest, calm enrichment, and decompression walks

 

2. Positive-Reinforcement Training

Training should focus on helping the dog feel better, not suppressing the behaviour.

Helpful strategies include:

• Teaching calm behaviours at safe distances

• Rewarding your dog for looking at a trigger calmly

• Pattern games that create predictability

• Counterconditioning (pairing triggers with good things)

• Building focus and engagement with you

 

3. Professional Support

A qualified trainer or behaviourist can help tailor a plan to your dog’s needs, especially if reactions are frequent or intense.

4. Veterinary Check

If reactivity increases suddenly, or you suspect pain or discomfort, a vet visit can rule out medical causes.

Get support if:

• Your dog reacts often

• You feel stressed during walks

• Reactions are getting worse

• Your dog can’t settle in normal environments

• You’re avoiding certain places or times of day

Early intervention prevents patterns from becoming ingrained and helps both you and your dog feel more confident.

Is reactivity the same as aggression?

No. Reactivity is usually emotional overwhelm, fear, frustration, or excitement. Most reactive dogs do not want to cause harm.

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Can reactivity be cured?

Reactivity can improve significantly with training, management, and routine. Some dogs become fully confident; others simply become much easier to handle.

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How long does it take to see progress?

Every dog is different. Some show improvements in weeks; others need months. Consistency and staying within your dog’s comfort zone are key.

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Should I punish my dog for reacting?

No. Punishment can increase fear and make reactivity worse. Positive, reward-based training is safer and more effective.

 

Does equipment matter?

A well-fitting harness and standard lead give better control and keep your dog comfortable, which can reduce stress during walks.

Reactivity is common — and manageable. With patience, distance, positive training, and the right support, reactive dogs can learn to feel safer and more relaxed in the world around them.

If you’d like help building a personalised plan for your dog, working with a professional can make the process faster, easier, and more enjoyable for both of you.